IMO issued a circular on Denmark-Sweden CO₂ transport and storage under the London Protocol

Eda Zenic -

The International Maritime Organization published LC-LP.2/Circ.25 regarding the implementation of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Denmark and Sweden under the 1996 Protocol to the Convention on Marine Pollution. The MoU enables the cross-border transportation of CO₂ for permanent geological storage as part of efforts to combat climate change.

This agreement follows the 2009 amendment to the Protocol, which permits the export of CO₂ for storage, and its provisional application since 2019. Both Denmark and Sweden have declared their provisional application of the amendment.

The MoU outlines the framework for cooperation between the two countries, including:

  • Scope: Facilitating the safe and regulated transport and storage of CO₂.
  • Permitting: Designating national authorities to oversee and issue necessary permits.
  • Reporting: Ensuring emissions are tracked and reported in line with international standards (e.g., IPCC guidelines) and EU regulations.
  • Cooperation: Establishing regular meetings and information-sharing to ensure compliance and resolve issues.

The MoU is non-binding, imposes no financial obligations, and aligns with international law and climate commitments. It came into effect upon signing in April 2024 and can be terminated with three months’ notice. The IMO has been formally notified of this agreement.